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This module forms the basis
of a workbook to be completed with the subject text book:
Human Nutrition & Dietetics [9th Edition] by J.S. Garrow & W.P.T James
It is not here to be completed, but merely to give an indication to
prospective students of the study style and format.
11.1 The vitamins
and skin disease
 After completing this
section of the module you should be able to:
1. Understand the basic structure of the skin
2. Prescribe vitamins in the management of skin disease.
 about 2 hours
 Chapter 43 p. 668-672;
Clinical Nutrition textbook
 Learning activities
1.Which relatively new Vitamin A
derivatives have been successfully used to treat acne,
psoriasis, ichthyoses and actinic
keratosis?
……………………………………………………………………………………
2. Give an example of a skin disease that
can be controlled with beta carotene.
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3. Describe the structure of both major
skin layers.
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4. State what happens when the skin is stressed and give
examples.
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5. Describe the major therapeutic aspects of vitamin A.
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6. List the diseases for which the B group vitamins are
therapeutically valuable.
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7. Why are humans unable to synthesise Vitamin C?
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 Have a break before
continuing
11.2 The metals and skin
disease
After completing this
section of the module you should be able to:
1. Explain the relationship between the toxic and non
toxic metals and skin disease;
about 1 hour
Chapter 43: p. 672-678; Clinical Nutrition textbook.
Learning activities
1. Describe the importance of zinc in the human body.
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2. Describe the consequences of iron deficiency.
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3. Explain the role of copper in collagen synthesis.
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4. For each of the following metals state one sign of
epidermal disturbance related to its deficiency.
Selenium:.......………...............................................................................................
Manganese:..............................................................................................................
Zinc:…………..........................................................................................................
Iron:……...................................................................................................................
5. For each of the following metals state one sign of
epidermal disturbance related to its toxicity.
Lead:.....................................................................……………..................................
Mercury:..............................................................................................................
Have a break before continuing
11.3 Essential fatty acids
and the skin
After completing
this section of the module you should be able to:
1.Discuss the role of the essential
fatty acids in the treatment of skin disease.
about 2 hours
Chapter 43: p. 678-681;
Clinical Nutrition textbook
Learning activities
1. What causes transepidermal water loss?
................................................................................................................................
2. Describe the relationship between lipids and skin
integrity.
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3. Discuss the manipulation of dietary EFA’s in the
treatment of skin disease.
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4. Explain the relationship between urticaria and food
allergy.
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Have a break before continuing
11.4 Malnutrition and the
skin
After completing this
section of the module you should be able to:
1. Explain the relationship between oedematous
malnutrition and skin signs;
about 1 hour
Chapter30: p. 445 -448;
Clinical Nutrition textbook
Learning activities
1. Describe the ways in which malnutrition causes hair
pigmentation and skin lesions
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2. What problems are caused by a hyperpigmented skin?
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Have a break before continuing
11.5 Review exercises
1. A "flag sign" is a band of hair grown
when a child has endured:
A. Lead poisoning
B. Thallium poisoning
C. A period of malnutrition
D. Vitamin A deficiency
2. The barrier function of the skin is:
A. Localised to the stratum corneum
B. Dependent on epidermal lipids
C. Dependent on normal keratinisation
D. All of the above
3. The effect of vitamin A on skin surfaces
can be described as:
A. Lubrication
B. Antikeratinising
C. Hyperkeratosis
D. All of the above
4. Dry pruritic skin, desquamation and
hepatosplenomegaly are consequences of:
A.
Vitamin A toxicity
B. Vitamin A deficiency
C. Thiamine deficiency
D. Thiamine toxicity
5. A consequence of niacin deficiency
may be:
A. Scurvy
B. Psoriasis
C. Pellagra
D. None of the above
6. Vitamin C deficiency causes scurvy:
A. True
B. False
7. Oral flexural and genital lesions are
associated with:
A. Biotin deficiency
B. Riboflavin deficiency
C. Pyridoxine deficiency
D. Both (B) & (C) above
8. Skin signs associated with zinc
deficiency include:
A. Excessive redness like sunburn
B. Keratinisation
C. Weeping dermatitis
D. Both (B) & (C) above
9. Chronic iron deficiency may result
in:
A. Spoon shaped nails
B. Weeping dermatitis
C .
Hyperpigmentation
D. Acrodermatitis
10. The metal responsible for assisting
with collagen synthesis through its role as a
co factor with lysyl oxidase is
A. Iron
B. Selenium
C. Manganese
D. Copper
11. Lithium may worsen psoriasis.
A. True
B. False
12. PUFA’s are important in maintaining
the fluidity of cell membranes.
A. True
B. False
13. Psoriasis may be relieved by
treatment with:
A. Vitamin C
B. Fish oil
C. Selenium
D. Manganese
14. There is sometimes a lightening of the hair colour
in:
A. Kwasiorkor
B. Iron deficiency
C. Copper deficiency
D. All of the above
15. Explain how nutritional supplements may be used in
the treatment of skin conditions.
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ANSWERS
1c 2D 3B 4A 5c 6a 7D 8C 9a 10d 11a 12A 13b
14d
15. A large range of skin conditions may be successfully
treated by the use of nutritional
supplements. These include conditions related to the
integrity of the skins outer layer which
may be treated using both EFA’s and vitamin A. Vitamin
C, copper and protein may be
used to assist in collagen formation and skin repair of
the underlying dermis. The treatment
of other specific diseases such as acne and psoriasis
may also be effected with supplements
such as vitamin A and EFA’;s. (There are many possible
answers to the question.
This example is given to show the length and one
possibility.)
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